注射用对氨基水杨酸钠细菌内毒素检验探讨

用<中国药典>2000年版附录细菌内毒素检验法对PAS进行细菌内毒素检测并建立实验方法.实验结果表明用TAL试剂对PAS最大无干扰浓度为5mg/ml,无干扰作用,提示用细菌内毒素检查法检查PAS中的内毒素是可行的.     

2092份药品抽验报告分析

本文回顾性调查了2092份药品抽验报告,对不合格中药材(饮片)、中成药及化学药品的质量项目、品种及源头产地情况进行了分析讨论,并针对存在的问题提出了对策和建议.     

2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征分析

目的分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征,为制定老年肺结核防治策略提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核患者疫情特征。结果 2013～2018年,安徽省活动性肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群(χ~2=55. 061,P <0. 001);涂阳肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群(χ~2=21. 840,P <0. 001),老年复治涂阳占全省复治涂阳的42. 42%(3 379/7 965);老年肺结核男女性别比为3. 32∶1;安徽省所辖16个市以亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核年平均登记率最高。结论安徽省老年肺结核疫情高于全人群,男性高于女性,亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核疫情重,需加强重点人群和重点地区的结核病防治工作。     

利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析

目的:利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析,为药学实验提供更好的数理统计分析。方法:药学实验中经常利用正交设计来完成,再结合数理统计分析选择最佳实验条件。L8(23)、L8(24)、L9(33)、L9(34)四种正交设计是药学实验里边最常用的四种,文章利用现有文献的正交实验实例,用SPSS软件实现药学实验研究中正交设计的方差分析。结果:SPSS可以快速高效的计算出正交设计方差分析结果,灵活地选出最满意的结果。结论:SPSS软件实现正交设计的方差分析,能节省大量的时间,极大地提高工作效率,且结果更为精确。     

QuickCheck检测加速器的能力测试与评估

目的：在改变测量条件和标准条件的情况下进行测量，对比测量结果，检测QuickCheck的性能，为加速器的晨检及检测结果判读提供依据。方法：通过改变输出剂量、射野大小、SSD、准直器角度和机架角，评估QuickCheck的检测能力。QuickCheck检测的射野参数与三维水箱等测量进行对比。结果：输出剂量增大1 cGy或减小6 cGy，射野改变≥0.2 cm；SSD减小2 cm或增大1 cm，准直器旋转≥2 o，机架角旋转≥6 o，检测结果超过阈值。与三维水箱测量的结果相比，平坦度、对称性（G/T）和（L/R）及剂量率分别相差3.84%、0.67%、0.47%，1.2 MU/min。结论：QuickCheck在检测输出剂量、射野大小、准直器角度、平坦度、对称性及剂量率方面准确度很高，能够满足日常加速器质量保证的需要。在检测SSD、机架角偏差方面能力较弱。     

Objective assessment of movement competence in children using wearable sensors: An instrumented version of the TGMD-2 locomotor subtest

Movement competence (MC) is defined as the development of sufficient skill to assure successful performance in different physical activities. Monitoring children MC during maturation is fundamental to detect early minor delays and define effective intervention. To this purpose, several MC assessment batteries are available. When evaluating movement strategies, with the aim of identifying specific skill components that may need improving, widespread MC assessment is limited by high time consumption for scoring and the need for trained operators to ensure reliability. This work aims to facilitate and support the assessment by designing, implementing and validating an instrumented version of the TGMD-2 locomotor subtest based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to quantify MC in children rapidly and objectively. 45 typically developing children, aged 6–10, performed the TGMD-2 locomotor subtest (six skills). During the tests, children wore five IMUs mounted on lower back, on ankles and on wrists. Sensor and video recordings of the tests were collected. Three expert evaluators performed the standard assessment of TGMD-2. Using theoretical and modelling approaches, algorithms were implemented to automatically score children tests based on IMUs’ data. The automatic assessment, compared to the standard one, showed an agreement higher than 87% on average on the entire group for each skill and a reduction of time for scoring from 15 to 2 min per participant. Results support the use of IMUs for MC assessment: this approach will allow improving the usability of MC assessment, supporting objectively evaluator decisions and reducing time requirement for the evaluation of large groups.     

Transport Mobility for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Background: The transport mobility of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) is of vital interest for the individual, as well as for society. Enhanced transport mobility can be related to improved functional health status and a higher degree of autonomy, which in turn may reduce the demand for societal support. UN Resolution 48/96, together with Swedish legislation and ''Vision Zero'' have in different ways established that the transport system must be designed to meet also the needs of children and adolescents with disabilities. Hence, it is necessary to identify and eliminate obstacles hindering children and adolescents with CP from using public transport and other means of transport, such as their own cars, at the same level as other members of society. However, in the case of children and adolescents with CP, the transport situation and the learner driver's educational situation have so far been largely unknown. Aim: The general aim of the thesis was to describe and analyse, from a legislative and a public health perspective, the transport mobility situation for children and adolescents with CP. Furthermore, the general aim was to identify obstacles for the target group to use public transport and other means of transportation, at the same level as other members of the society, and to suggest improvements that will remove the identified obstacles. Material and methods: Several different data collection methods were used. Data, concerning travel habits and parents' perceived risks regarding transportation, were taken from a postal questionnaire addressed to parents of children and adolescents with CP. In order to estimate the numbers of potential learner drivers with CP in each age group in Sweden, a literature review was conducted, based on Swedish material. Furthermore, logbooks for learner drivers with CP were analysed retrospectively, in order to identify procedures, problems and key tasks in their driver education. Visual search strategies for learner drivers with CP were analysed, utilizing an eye tracker, and an attempt was made to introduce a screening tool for predicting the outcome of driver education. Results: Children and adolescents with CP were found to be transported under unsafe conditions, causing worry among their parents. When transporting children in the family vehicle, the parents were exposed to a very heavy burden, which increased their worry. The prevalence of potential learner drivers with CP who were in need of highly specialised driver education, including individually adapted driver training vehicles, was estimated to be 0.15 per 1,000 of a population-based age group of learner drivers in Sweden. Complex procedures, structural problems and financial obstacles made it difficult for adolescents with CP to obtain a driving licence and an adapted vehicle. The total duration of the driving tuition given by a driving instructor was found to be almost nine times higher for learner drivers with CP than for non-disabled learner drivers. Visual search strategies among learner drivers with CP were found to be less flexible than among other learner drivers. This fact indicated a need for better methods of teaching such strategies to this group as an integral component of their driver education. The validity of the motor-free visual perceptual test, TVPS-UL, for predicting the outcome of driver education for learner drivers, was found to be low. In order to find a reliable and valid screening tool for this purpose, future studies should focus on cross-validation of visual perceptual and dual task performance tests for different types of independent variables, such as obtaining a driving licence or not, accident involvement and driving ability. Conclusion: The transport system was found, from a legislative and public health perspective, to be unsuitable to meet the needs of children and adolescents with CP. Suggestions for improving transport mobility for children and adolescents with CP are provided. Several of these suggestions are practical, concrete and contextual for Swedish conditions, and some of them necessitate future research. However, a number of these suggestions are also applicable in an international context.     

On the Diagnostic Relevance of Level Discrimination

In his letter to the editor ‘On the use of discrimination of level differences as a diagnostic test procedure as suggested by Fastl and Schorn [1981]’, Dr. Humes questions the diagnostic relevance of level discrimination. His main argument is the overlap of individual data in patients with cochlear versus retrocochlear disorders. We show that the test proposed can differentiate between these types of disorders for test frequencies in the mid-frequency range and suggest that this test be incorporated into the audiological test battery.

Pour répondre à la critique de Larry E. Humes, les auteurs ont precédé à une nouvelle analyse de leurs résultats. N'ayant obtenu que 5-15% de faux-positifs, ils confirment la validité de leur test, étant entendu qu'il convient de l'intégrer à une batterie de tests audiomé-triques.